Application Programmer Interface (API)
A published set of function calls and constants allowing different programmers to use a ready-written library of subroutines.
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A large object data type whose content consists of binary data. Additionally, this data is considered raw as its structure is not recognized by the database.
The LOB data type whose value is composed of character data corresponding to the database character set. A CLOB may be indexed and searched by the Oracle® Text search engine.
Vertical space in a database table that represents a particular domain of data. A column has a column name and a specific datatype. For example, in a table of employee information, all of the employees' dates of hire would constitute one column.
Make permanent changes to data (inserts, updates, deletes) in the database. Before changes are committed, both the old and new data exist so that changes can be stored or the data can be restored to its prior state.
In client/server architecture, the front-end database application, which requests, processes and presents data managed by the server.
A database or other data repository coupled with an ODBC Driver, which has been given a Data Source Name (see Data Source Name (DSN)) to identify it to the ODBC Driver Manager.
An attribute that specifies what type of information can be stored in a column, parameter, or variable.
Database Management System (DBMS)
Software that handles access to a database.
See ODBC driver.
Software whose main function is to load ODBC drivers. ODBC applications connect to the Driver Manager and request a data source name (DSN). The Driver Manager loads the driver specified in the DSN's configuration file. On Windows, the ODBC Data Source Administrator is used to set up the Driver Manager.
A name associated with an ODBC data source. Driver Managers such as unixODBC use the Data Source Name to cross-reference configuration information and load the required driver.
A type of data connection that is created based on information in a data source name (DSN), but is stored as part of a project or application. DSN-less connections are especially useful for Web applications because they let you move the application from one server to another without re-creating the DSN on the new server.
A location in a record in which a particular type of data is stored. For example, EMPLOYEE-RECORD might contain fields to store Last-Name, First-Name, Address, City, State, Zip-Code, Hire-Date, Current-Salary, Title, Department and so on. Individual fields are characterised by their maximum length and the type of data (for example, alphabetic, numeric, or financial) that can be placed in them. Fields are sometimes referred to as cells.
A computer visible on the network.
A string that is provided by Easysoft for use in the licensing process.
A process that resides on the server whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server.
Every time a client requests a network session with a server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, the listener grants a connection to the server.
Data that describes data and other structures.
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
A standard software API specification for using database management systems (DBMS). ODBC is independent of programming language, database system and operating system. The ODBC API is a library of ODBC functions that let ODBC-enabled applications connect to any database for which an ODBC driver is available, execute SQL statements, and retrieve results.
ODBC driver
The goal of ODBC is to make it possible to access any data from any application, regardless of which database management system (DBMS) is handling the data. ODBC achieves this by inserting a middle layer called a database driver between an application and the DBMS. This layer translates the application's data queries into commands that the DBMS understands.
Oracle® Call Interface (OCI)
An API that enables you to create applications that use the native procedures or function calls of a third-generation language to access an Oracle® database server and control all phases of SQL statement execution. OCI supports the data types, calling conventions, syntax, and semantics of a number of third-generation languages including C, C++, COBOL and FORTRAN.
The environment variable which contains the path where Oracle® software has been installed.
Oracle's procedural language extension to SQL. PL/SQL enables you to mix SQL statements with procedural constructs. With PL/SQL, you can define and execute PL/SQL program units such as procedures, functions, and packages.
The output of a SQL query, consisting of one or more rows of data.
The point in an transaction when all updates to databases involved in the transaction are reversed.
A set of attributes or values pertaining to one entity or record in a table. A row is a collection of column information corresponding to a single record.
Collection of database objects, including logical structures such as tables, views, sequences, stored procedures, synonyms, indexes, clusters, and database links. A schema has the name of the user who controls it.
In a client/server architecture, the computer that runs Oracle® software and handles the functions required for concurrent, shared data access. The server receives and processes the SQL statements that originate from client applications.
The Oracle® system identifier that distinguishes a database from all other databases on a computer. The SID automatically defaults to the database name portion of the global database name, for example, sales in sales.us.mycompany.com).
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A language used to insert, retrieve, modify, and delete data in a relational database, designed specifically for database queries. SQL also contains statements for defining and administering the objects in a database. SQL is the language supported by most relational databases, and is the subject of standards published by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Oracle® SQL (PL/SQL) includes many extensions to the ANSI/ISO standard SQL language.
Basic unit of data storage in Oracle® Database. Table data is stored in rows and columns.
Logical unit of work that contains one or more SQL statements. All statements in a transaction are committed or rolled back together.
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